The primary symptom of epilepsy is recurrent seizures, which can take many forms. These include convulsive seizures (such as tonic-clonic or grand mal seizures), non-convulsive seizures (such as absence or petit mal seizures), and focal seizures that affect one part of the brain. Symptoms during a seizure may include jerking movements, loss of consciousness, confusion, staring spells, and temporary weakness or loss of sensation.

Treatments for epilepsy include anti-seizure medications (also called anticonvulsants) that help control seizures. In cases where medication is not effective, other treatments such as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), or dietary therapy (such as the ketogenic diet) may be recommended. Treatment plans are individualized based on the type of epilepsy and the patient’s response to therapy.

If you experience recurrent seizures or sudden, unexplained episodes of altered consciousness, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or neurologist for evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing epilepsy effectively and reducing the risk of complications.